Clinical evaluation of a deep learning CBCT auto-segmentation software for prostate adaptive radiation therapy

Purpose: Aim of the present study is to characterize a deep learning-based auto-segmentation software (DL) for prostate cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and to evaluate its applicability in clinical adaptive radiation therapy routine. Materials and methods: Ten patients, who received exclusive radiation therapy with definitive intent on the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, were selected. Femoral heads, bladder, rectum, prostate, and seminal vesicles were retrospectively contour...

An electrophysiological approach towards the functions of human temporal lobe

Dedicated representation of others in the macaque frontal cortex: from action monitoring and prediction to outcome evaluation

Social neurophysiology has increasingly addressed how several aspects of self and other are distinctly represented in the brain. In social interactions, the self-other distinction is fundamental for discriminating one's own actions, intentions, and outcomes from those that originate in the external world. In this paper, we review neurophysiological experiments using nonhuman primates that shed light on the importance of the self-other distinction, focusing mainly on the frontal cortex. We sta...

Autonomous encoding of irrelevant goals and outcomes by prefrontal cortex neurons

Two rhesus monkeys performed a distance discrimination task in which they reported whether a red square or a blue circle had appeared farther from a fixed reference point. Because a new pair of distances was chosen randomly on each trial, and because the monkeys had no opportunity to correct errors, no information from the previous trial was relevant to a current one. Nevertheless, many prefrontal cortex neurons encoded the outcome of the previous trial on current trials. A smaller, interming...