Effects of bioactive molecules and natural extracts with antioxidant action in the modulation of aging mechanisms

The aging population grows every year, and certain nations have the largest percentage of elderly people. This population needs a growth in health care services since they are more likely to have chronic age-related disorders. "Healthy Aging" has been a research point to enhance the lives of the elderly. Several prior research on various nutraceuticals have been conducted to assess their potential as supplements to promote healthy aging and may even postpone the onset and progression of some age-related disorders. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of several nutraceuticals were investigated in various tissues (myoblasts, retinae, and brain). Muscles provide a variety of important functions, including glucose absorption, bone density regulation, and protein homeostasis. Exercise is critical for maintaining muscle function, avoiding hypercontraction injury and delaying the onset of age-related muscular diseases. The purpose was to evaluate the ability of a combination containing magnesium, potassium, vitamin D3, and curcumin (MKVC) to prevent or restore muscle damage on C2C12 murine myoblasts under normal conditions and in the presence of caffeine to mimic a hypercontractility condition by studying cell viability, mitochondrial activity during exercise, calcium and magnesium movements during the muscle contraction/relaxation cycle, the metabolic changes, alterations in the various intracellular pathways. All the data gained will aid in the development of a formulation that will assist athletes in maintaining peak performance with protection against muscle injury and decreasing muscle loss due to aging as well. As glaucoma is the leading cause of permanent blindness, defined by structural changes in the optical nerve, various nutraceuticals have demonstrated their ability to lower the oxidative stress associated with age- related eye illnesses. A hypothesis concerning a combination of gastrodin and vitamin D3 together with vitamin C, blackcurrant, and lycopene has been proposed to combat the early modifications of glaucoma that lead to degeneration. RGC cells and retinal tissues were employed to test our theory under normal or H2O2/NMDA-induced glaucoma circumstances by assessing cell survival, ROS generation, identifying changes in the retinal area, and examining the various intracellular pathways. All of these will contribute to the development of a formulation that will aid in the slowing of the many deteriorations associated with glaucoma. Concerning the many deteriorations affecting the brain as a result of aberrant protein depositions or a decrease in BDNF expression associated with multiple age-related neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive function loss. Because BDNF has a reduced ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, it was proposed that using a low-dose BDNF sequentially kinetic activated (SKA) formula could overcome this problem. This hypothesis was tested through BDNF quantification in both in vitro and animal models, as well as studying the safety of using this formula through cell viability, ROS production, mitochondrial activity, and determining the different intracellular pathways. Based on these findings, a combination of curcumin, vitamin D, and 6-shogaol (CVS) might delay and repair the damage caused by either oxidative stress or iron damage as two distinct characteristics of brain aging, and neurodegeneration were investigated. Another important point is to verify if CVS might promote BDNF expression in astrocytes and if it can aid with neuroprotection when administered to SH-SY5Y cells. These assumptions were tested by measuring cell survival and ROS generation, as well as identifying BDNF synthesis and distribution, and screening the several active intracellular pathways. All of this will pave the way for the development of a novel human anti-aging solution for neuroprotection.