Preserving Muscle Functionality and Bone integrity in the Elderly: Scientific Evaluation of Different Phytotherapic Extracts

Osteosarcopenia (OS) is an age-related condition characterized by the concomitant loss of bone and muscle mass and function, significantly increasing the risk of frailty and fractures. This work focused on identifying novel mechanisms contributing to OS and evaluating natural strategies to counteract its onset. In collaboration with Laboratori Biokyma S.r.l., we investigated the effects of KYMASIN UP, a food supplement previously shown to counteract muscle atrophy, on bone turnover. The food supplement inhibited osteoclastogenesis, enhanced osteoblast mineralization, and promoted the maturation of osteoporotic human pre-osteoblasts, indicating its potential in the treatment of osteoporosis. We also studied Equisetum arvense (EQ), a Northern Italian medicinal plant, which reduced myotube atrophy and osteoclast activity in in vitro model and preserved both muscle and bone integrity in pre-geriatric mice, highlighting its relevance for OS treatment. Considering the widespread adoption of Western diet patterns, characterized by a high intake of ultra-processed and high-temperature cooked foods rich in advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), we investigated the role of dietary AGEs (dAGEs) and endogenous AGEs in promoting skeletal muscle aging. These adducts, which accumulate in tissues with age, contribute to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to muscle and bone degeneration. Among 30 natural extracts screened for anti-AGE properties, Vaccinium macrocarpon (VM), rich in polyphenols and proanthocyanidins, was the most effective in limiting AGE formation in vitro. Moreover, VM counteracted endogenous and dAGE-induced myotube atrophy and AGE accumulation in vitro. In vivo, it reversed dAGE-dependent sarcopenic phenotype in adult mice and restored MyHC-II expression in aged animals. These findings led to the development of KYMAAGE, a multi-component supplement containing VM, EQ, Rhodiola rosea, and vitamins D3 and K2, targeting AGE-related OS.