Nutrition and dietary intake and their association with mortality and hospitalization in adults with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodialysis

Adults receiving hemodialysis still experience high mortality rates. Several interventions that address the typical cardiovascular risk factors which are almost universally present in people with ESKD have been introduced. These interventions unfortunately do not significantly improve health outcomes in such populations. Nutrition and dietary patterns are potential factors influencing health in other health settings but poorly explored in the setting of ESKD. The aim of this body of work was to evaluate the association between exposure to different nutrients and dietary patterns and the risk of mortality (all-cause and cause-specific) and hospital admissions (any, and cause-specific) in adults with chronic kidney disease and specifically those with or end stage kidney disease receiving hemodialysis for renal replacement therapy. This project focused on understanding the impact of diet and nutrient intake, on CKD and ESKD through a comprehensive and systematic series of literature reviews and the design and conduct of the first large scale multinational primary cohort study to explore the association between nutrition (dietary intake) and clinical adverse events in the setting of hemodialysis.