Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and-2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle-and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 percent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low-compared with middle-and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion: Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone.
Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection
Glasbey James C; Adisa Adewale O; Costas‐Chavarri Ainhoa; Qureshi Ahmad U; Allen‐Ingabire Jean C; Salem Hosni Khairy; Kojo Anyomih Theophilus Teddy; Tabiri Stephen; Nepogodiev Dmitri; Lilford Richard J; Harrison Ewen M; Pinkney Thomas D; Smart Neil; Bhangu Aneel; Verjee Azmina; Runigamugabo Emmy; Glasbey James; Bhangu Aneel; Ademuyiwa Adesoji O; Adisa Adewale O; Aguilera Maria Lorena; Altamini Afnan; Alexander Philip; Al‐Saqqa Sara W; Borda‐Luque Giuliano; Cornick Jen; Costas‐Chavarri Ainhoa; Drake Thomas M; Fergusson Stuart J; Fitzgerald J Edward; Glasbey James; Ingabire J. C Allen; Ismaïl Lawani; Jaffry Zahra; Salem Hosni Khairy; Khatri Chetan; Kirby Andrew; Kojo Anyomih Theophilus Teddy; Lapitan Marie Carmela; Lilford Richard; Mihaljevic Andre L; Mohan Midhun; Morton Dion; Mutabazi Alphonse Zeta; Nepogodiev Dmitri; Ntirenganya Faustin; Ots Riinu; Pata Francesco; Pinkney Thomas; Poškus Tomas; Qureshi Ahmad Uzair; Medina Antonio Ramos‐De; Rayne Sarah; Recinos Gustavo; Søreide Kjetil; Shaw Catherine A; Shu Sebastian; Spence Richard; Smart Neil; Tabiri Stephen; Lilford Richard; Morton Dion; Harrison Ewen M; Bhangu Aneel; Khatri Chetan; Gobin Neel; Freitas Ana Vega; Hall Nigel; Kim Sung‐Hee; Negida Ahmed; Khairy Hosni; Jaffry Zahra; Chapman Stephen J; Arnaud Alexis P; Tabiri Stephen; Recinos Gustavo; Manipal Cutting Edge; Mohan Midhun; Amandito Radhian; Shawki Marwan; Hanrahan Michael; Pata Francesco; Zilinskas Justas; Roslani April Camilla; Goh Cheng Chun; Ademuyiwa Adesoji O; Irwin Gareth; Shu Sebastian; Luque Laura; Shiwani Hunain; Altamimi Afnan; Alsaggaf Mohammed Ubaid; 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Garaycochea Octavio; Mollo Melanie Castro; Delgado Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linare; Fujii Francisco; Bautista Ana Cecilia Manchego; Aguilar Wendy Leslie Messa; Chiong Jose Antonio Cabala; Durand Susana Yrma Aranzabal; Basto Carlos Alejandro Arroyo; Rojas Nelson Manuel Urbina; Yip Sebastian Bernardo Shu; Vergara Ana Lucia Contreras; Moran Andrea Echevarria Rosas; Luque Giuliano Borda; Castro Manuel Rodriguez; Jaramillo Ramon Alvarado; Sila George Manrique; Lopez Crislee Elizabeth; De Leon Mardelangel Zapata Ponze; Machaca Massiell; Huaraya Ronald Coasaca; Arenas Andy; López Crislee; Puma Clara Milagros Herrera; Pino Wilfredo; Hinojosa Christian; De Leon Melanie Zapata Ponze; Limache Susan; Sila George Manrrique; Rodriguez Layza‐Alejandra Mercado; Melo Renato; Costa‐Maia Jose; Muralha Nuno; Sauvat Frederique; Dan Ionasc; Hogea Mircea; Eduard Pandi; Bratu Razvan‐Matei; Beuran Mircea; Diaconescu Ionut‐Bogdan; Martian Bogdan‐Valeriu; Iordache Florin‐Mihail; Vartic Mihaela; Vida Lucian Corneliu; Muntean Liviu Iuliu; Mironescu Aurel Sandu; Nsengimana Vizir Jean Paul; Niragire Alice; Ingabire Jean De La Croix Allen; Niyirera Eugene; Zanini Nicola; Jovine Elio; Landolfo Giovanni; Alomar Ibrahim N.; Alnuqaydan Saleh A.; Altwigry Abdulrahman M.; Othman Moayad; Osman Nohad; Alqahtani Enas; Alzahrani Mohammed; Alyami Rifan; Aljohani Emad; Alhabli Ibrahim; Mikwar Zaher; Almuallem Sultan; Aljohani Emad; Alyami Rifan; Alzahrani Mohammed; Nawawi Abrar; Bakhaidar Mohamad; Maghrabi Ashraf A.; Alsaggaf Mohammed; Aljiffry Murad; Altaf Abdulmalik; Khoja Ahmad; Habeebullah Alaa; Akeel Nouf; Ghandora Nashat; Almoflihi Abdullah; Huwait Abdulmalik; Al‐shammari Abeer; Al‐Mousa Mashael; Alghamdi Masood; Adham Walid; Albeladi Bandar; Alfarsi Muayad Ahmed; Mahdi Atif; Al Awwad Saad; Altamimi Afnan; Nouh Thamer; Hassanain Mazen; Aldhafeeri Salman; Sadig Nawal; Algohary Osama; Aledrisy Mohannad; Gudal Ahmad; Alrifaie Ahmad; AlRowais Mohammed; Althwainy Amani; Shabkah Alaa; Alamoudi Uthman; Alrajraji Mawaddah; Alghamdi Basim; Aljohani Saud; Daqeeq Abdullah; Al‐Faifi Jubran J; Jennings Vicky; Ngayu Nyawira; Moore Rachel; Kong Victor; Kretzmann Hayden; Connor Katie; Nel Daniel; Sampson Colleen; Spence Richard; Panieri Eugenio; Rayne Sarah; Sishuba Nosisa; Tun Myint; Mphatsoe Albert Mohale; Carreira Jo‐Anne; Teasdale Ella; Wagener Mark; Botes Stefan; Du Plessis Danelo; Fernandez‐Bueno Fernando; Aguilar‐Jimenez Jose; Garcia‐Marin Jose Andres; García Lorena Solar; Florez Luis Joaquín García; Pacheco Rubén Darío Arias; Pagnozzi Janet; Quezada Jimy Harold Jara; Rodicio Jose Luis; Minguez German; Rodríguez‐Uría Raquel; Ugalde Paul; Lopez‐Arevalo Camilo; Barneo Luis; Stuva Jessica Patricia Gonzales; Ortega‐Vazquez Irene; Rodriguez Lorena; Herrera Norberto; Arachchi Prasad Pitigala; Senanayake Wanigasekara; Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha; Arachchige Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasoori; Sivaganesh Sivasuriya; Samaraweera Dulan Irusha; Thanusan Vimalakanthan; Musa Ahmed Elgaili Khalid; Balila Reem Mohammed Hassan; Mohamed Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad; Ali Hussein; Elabdin Hagir Zain; Hassan Alaa; Mahdi Sefeldin; Ahmed Hala; Idris Sahar Abdoun Ishag; Elsayed Makki; Elsayed Mohammed; Mahmoud Mohamed; Boijsen Magnus; Lundgren Per‐Olof; Gustafsson Ulf; Kiasat Ali; Wogensen Fredrik; Wogensen Fredrik; Jurdell Emma; Thorell Anders; Thorarinsdottir Hildur; Utter Maria; Sundstrom Sami Martin; Wredberg Cecilia; Kjellin Ann; Nyberg Johanna; Frisk Bjorn; Sund Malin; Andersson Linda; Gunnarsson Ulf; Cengiz Yücel; Ahlqvist Sandra; Björklund Ida; Royson Hanna; Weber Per; Pahlsson Hans‐Ivar; Borin Eva; Hjertberg Maria; Royson Hanna; Weber Per; Schmid Roger; Schivo Debora; Despotidis Vasileios; Breitenstein Stefan; Staerkle Ralph F; Schadde Erik; Deichsel Fabian; Gerosa Alexandra; Nocito Antonio; Raptis Dimitri Aristotle; Mijuskovic Barbara; Zuber Markus; Eisner Lukas; Kruspi Swantje; Reinisch Katharina Beate; Schoewe Christin; Novak Allan; Palma Adrian F.; Teufelberger Gerfried; Kimaro Msafiri; King Rachel; Balkan Ali Zeynel Abidin; Gumar Mehmet; Yavuz Mehmet Ali; Karabacak Ufuk; Lap Gokhan; Ozkan Bahar Busra; Ozkan Bahar Busra; Karakahya Murat; Adams Ryan; Morton Robert; Henderson Liam; Gratton Ruth; Clement Keiran David; Chang Kate Yu‐Ching; Mcnish David; Mcintosh Ryan; Milligan William; Skelly Brendan; Anderson‐Knight Hannah; Lawther Roger; Onimowo Jemina; Shatkar Veereanna; Tharmalingam Shivanee; Woin Evelina; Fautz Tessa; Ziff Oliver; Dindyal Shiva; Arman Sam; Talukder Shagorika; Arman Sam; Gadhvi Vijay; Talukder Shagorika; Chew Luen Shaun; Heath Jonathan; Blencowe Natalie; Hallam Sally; Gash Katherine; Mannu Gurdeep Singh; Zachariades Dimitris‐Christos; Snaith Ailsa Claire; Hettiarachchi Thusitha Sampath; Nesaratnam Arjun; Wheeler James; McCullagh Darragh; Clements Joshua Michael; Khan Ata; Koumpa Foteini; Neophytou Christina; Roth Jessica; Soon Wai Cheong; Deputy Mohammed; Ahmed Ahmed; Ashton Annelisse; Vincent Joe; Almy Jack; Khan Taufiq; Allen John Lee Y; Mcintyre Charlotte Jane; Marshall Dominic Charles; Sykes Mark; Behar Nebil; Jordan Harriet; Rajjoub Yaseen; Sherman Thomas; White Timothy; Watts Anna; Ardley Rohan; Arulampalam Tan; Shah Apar; Brown Damien; Blower Emma; Sutton Paul; Gasteratos Konstantinos; Vimalachandran Dale; Magee Cathy; Irwin Gareth; Mcguigan Andrew; Mcaleer Stephen; Morgan Clare; Braungart Sarah; Lafferty Kirsten; Labib Peter; Tanase Andrei; Mangan Clodagh; Reza Lillian; Reza Lillian; Tanase Andrei; Mangan Clodagh; Woodward Helen; Gouldthorpe Craig; Turner Megan; Wild Jonathan R L; Malik Tom AM; Proctor Victoria K; Hewage Kalon; Davies James; Dubois Andre; Sarwary Sayed; Zardab Ali; Grant Alan; Mcintyre Robert; Mogan Yogendra Praveen; Ho Weiguang; Chong Bryon Frankie Hon Khi; Tewari Shirish; Humm Gemma; Farinella Eriberto; Hall Nigel J; Wright Naomi J; Major Christina P; Xerri Thelma; De Bono Phoebe; Amin Jasim; Farhad Mustafa; Camilleri‐Brennan John F.; Robertson Andrew G N; Xerri Thelma; Swann Joanna; Richards James; Amin Jasim; Jabbar Aijaz; De Bono Phoebe; Attard Myranda; 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Findlay‐Cooper Kim; Mitrasinovic Stefan; Ray Swayamjyoti; Varcada Massimo; D'Souza Rovan; Omara Sharif; Spurr Matthew; Parkinson Lucienne; Hanks Anthony; Ma Jennifer; Abington Emily; Ramcharn Meera; Williams Gethin; Winstanley Joseph; Kennedy Ewan D.; Yeung Emily NW; Fergusson Stuart J; Jones Catrin; O'neill Stephen; Lim Shujing Jane; Liew Ignatius; Nair Hari; Fairfield Cameron; Oh Julia; Koh Samantha; Wilson Andrew; Fairfield Catherine; Anandkumar Delran; Kirupagaran Ashok; Jones Timothy F; Torrance Hew Dt; Fowler Alexander J; Chandrakumar Charmilie; Patel Priyank; Ashraf Syed Faaz; Lakhani Sonam M.; Mclean Aaron Lawson; Basson Sonia; Batt Jeremy; Bowman Catriona; Stoddart Michael; Benons Natasha; Mason Clare; Harrison Rebecca; Quayle John; Barker Tom; Summerour Virginia; Harper Edward; Smith Caroline; Hampton Matthew; Pitt Sophie K; Ward Alex E; O'Connor Timothy; Heywood Emily G; Drake Thomas M; Chowdhury Abeed; Hossaini Sina; Watson Nicholas Fs; Mckechnie Doug; Farah Ayaan; Chun Anita; Koh Hoey; Lim Grace; Sunderland Graham; Gould Laura; Chambers Alice; Munipalle P C; Rooney H; Browning D R L; Pereira Bernadette; Nemeth Kristof; Decker Emily; Giuliani Stefano; Shalaby Aly; Shaikh Shafaque; Tan Chern Yan; Palkhi Ebrahim Y A; Szczap Aleksandra; Chidambaram Swathikan; Chen Chee Yang; Kulasabanathan Kavian; Chhabra Srishti; Kostov Elisabeth; Harbord Philippe; Barnacle James; Palliyil Madan Mohan; Zikry Mina; Porter Johnathan; Raslan Charef; Saeed Mohammed; Hafiz Shazia; Soltani Niksa; Baillie Katie; Singh Priyanka; Sheth Shailee; Patel Kishen; Khalili Mahry; Choi Jeesoo; Benger Matthew; Marples Lucy; Macfarlane Alastair; Thurairaja Ramesh; Boyce Tamsin; Whewell Harriet; Jones Elin; Th'ng Francesca; Robertson Nichola; Mirza Ahmad; Saeed Haroon; Galloway Simon; Elena Gia; Afzal Mohammad; Zakir Mohamed; Sodde Peter; Hand Charles; Sriram Aiesha; Clark Tamsyn; Holton Patrick; Livesey Amy; Sinha Yashashwi; Iqbal Fahad Mujtaba; Bharj Indervir Singh; Rotundo Adriana; Jenvey Cara; Slade Robert; Golding David; Haines Samuel; Ne'ma Abdullah Ali Adel; Tilston Thomas W; Loughran Dafydd; Donoghue Danielle; Giacci Lorenzo; Sherif Mohamed Ashur; Harrison Peter; Tang Alethea; Kotecha Deevia; Elshaer Mohamed; Urbonas Tomas; Riaz Amjid; Chapman Annie; Acharya Parisha; Shalhoub Joseph; Grossart Cathleen; McMorran David; Mlotshwa Makhosini; Hawkins William; Loizides Sofronis; Krishna Kandaswamy; Orchard Melanie; Ho Chik Wai; Thomson Peter; Khan Shahab; Taylor Fiona; Shukla Jalak; Howie Emma Elizabeth; Macdonald Linda; Komolafe Olusegun; Mcintyre Neil; Cragg James; Parker Jody; Stewart Duncan; Lintin Luke; Tracy Julia; Farooq Tahir; Molina George; Kaafarani Haytham; Luque Laura; Beyene Robel; Sava Jack; Scott Mark; Swaroop Mamta; Kennedy Raelene; Azodo Ijeoma A; Heffernan Daithi; Chun Tristen; Stephen Andrew; Sion Melanie; Weinstein Michael S.; Punja Viren; Bugaev Nikolay; Goodstein Monica; Razmdjou Shadi; Etchill Eric; Puyana Juan Carlos; Kesinger Matthew; Napolitano Lena; To Kathleen; Hemmila Mark; Todd Oliver; Jenner Edward; Hoogakker Ellen; Grizhja Besmir; Ymeri Shpetim; Galiqi Gezim; Klappenbach Roberto; Antezana Diego; Beleño Alvaro Enrique Mendoza; Costa Cecilia; Sanchez Belen; Aviles Susan; Modolo Maria Marta; Fermani Claudio Gabriel; Balmaceda Rubén; Villalobos Santiago; Carmona Juan Manuel; Hamill Daniel; Deutschmann Peter; Sandler Simone; Cox Daniel; Nataraja Ram; Sharpin Claire; Ljuhar Damir; Gray Demi; Haines Morgan; Iyer Dush; Niranjan Nithya; D'Amours Scott; Ashtari Morvarid; Franco Helena; Mitul Ashrarur Rahman; Karim Sabbir; Aman Nowrin F.; Estee Mahnuma Mahfuz; Salma Umme; Razzaque Joyeta; Kanta Tasnia Hamid; Tori Sayeeda Aktar; Alamin Shadid; Roy Swapnil; Al Amin Shadid; Karim Rezaul; Haque Muhtarima; Faruq Amreen; Iftekhar Farhana; O'Shea Margaret; Padmore Greg; Jonnalagadda Ramesh; Litvin Andrey; Filatau Aliaksandr; Paulouski Dzmitry; Shubianok Maryna; Shachykava Tatsiana; Khokha Dzianis; Khokha Vladimir; Djivoh Fernande; Ismaïl Lawani; Dossou Francis; Seto Djifid Morel; Gbessi Dansou Gaspard; Noukpozounkou Bruno; Souaibou Yacoubou Imorou; Keke Kpèmahouton René; Hodonou Fred; Ahounou Ernest Yemalin Stephane; Alihonou Thierry; Dénakpo Max; Ahlonsou Germain; Bedada Alemayehu Ginbo; Nsengiyumva Carlos; Kwizera Sandrine; Barendegere Venerand; Choi Philip; Stock Simon; Jamal Luai; Firdouse Mohammed; Zani Augusto; Azzie Georges; Kushwaha Sameer; Agarwal Arnav; Chen Tzu‐Ling; Yip Chingwan; Montes Irene; Zapata Felipe; Sierra Sebastian; Lanau Maria Isabel Villegas; Arango Maria Clara Mendoza; Restrepo Ivan Mendoza; Sierra Sebastian; Giraldo Ruben Santiago Restrepo; Arango Maria Clara Mendoza; Domini Edgar; Karlo Robert; Mihanovic Jakov; Youssef Mohamed; Elfeki Hossam; Thabet Waleed; Sanad Aly; Tawfik Gehad; Zaki Ahmed; Abdel‐Hameed Noran; Mostafa Mohamed; Omar Muhammad Fathi Waleed; Ghanem Ahmed; Abdallah Emad; Denewar Adel; Emara Eman; Rashad Eman; Sakr Ahmad; Elashry Rehab; Emile Sameh; Khafagy Toqa; Elhamouly Sara; Elfarargy Arwa; Mohamed Amna Mamdouh; Nagy Ghada Saied; Esam Abeer; Elwy Eman; Hammad Aya; Khallaf Salwa; Ibrahim Eman; Saidbadr Ahmed; Moustafa Ahmed; Mohammed Amany Eldosouky; Elgheriany Mohammed; Abdelmageed Eman; Al Raouf Eman Abd; Elbanby Esraa Samir; Elmasry Maha; Farahat Mahitab Morsy; Mansor Eman Yahya; Hegazy Eman Magdy; Gamal Esraa; Gamal Heba; Kandil Hend; Abdelrouf Doaa Maher; Moaty Mohamed; Gamal Dina; El‐Sagheer Nada; Salah Mohamed; Magdy Salma; Salah Asmaa; Essam Ahmed; Ali Ahmed; Badawy Mahmoud; Ahmed Sara; Mohamed Mazed; Assal Abdelrahman; Sleem Mohamed; Ebidy Mai; Elrazek Aly Abd; Zahran Diaaaldin; Adam Nourhan; Nazir Mohamed; Hassanein Adel B; Ismail Ahmed; Elsawy Amira; Mamdouh Rana; Mabrouk Mohamed; Ahmed Lopna Ahmed Mohamed; Alnaby Mohamed Hassab; Magdy Eman; Abd‐Elmawla Manar; Fahim Marwan; Mowafy Bassant; Mahmoud Moustafa Ibrahim; Allam Meran; Alkelani Muhammad; El Gendy Noran Halim; Aboul‐Naga Mariam Saad; El‐Din Reham Alaa; Elgendy Alyaa Halim; Ismail Mohamed; Shalaby Mahmoud; Elsharkawy Aya Adel; Moghazy Mahmoud Elsayed; Elbisomy Khaled Hesham; Shakshouk Hend Adel Gawad; Hamed Mohamed Fouad; Ebidy Mai Mohamed; Abdelkader Mostafa; Karkeet Mohamed; Ahmed Hayam; Adel Israa; Omar Mohammad Elsayed; Ibrahim Mohamed; Ghoneim Omar; Hesham Omar; Gamal Shimaa; Hilal Karim; Arafa Omar; Awad Sawsan Adel; Salem Menatalla; Elsherif Fawzia Abdellatif; Elsabbagh Nourhan; Aboelsoud Moustafa R.; Rida Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad; Hossameldin Amr; Hany Ethar; Asar Yomna Hosny; Anwar Nourhan; Gadelkarim Mohamed; Abdelhady Samar; Morshedy Eman Mohamed; Saad Reham; Soliman Nourhan; Salama Mahmoud; Ezzat Eslam; Mohamed Arwa; Ibrahim Arwa; Fergany Alaa; Mohammed Sara; Reda Aya; Allam Yomna; Saad Hanan Adel; Abdelfatah Afnan; Fathy Aya Mohamed; El‐Sehily Ahmed; Kasem Esraa Abdalmageed; Hassan Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset; Mohammed Ahmed Rabeih; Saad Abdalla Gamal; Elfouly Yasmin; Elfouly Nesma; Ibrahim Arij; Hassaan Amr; Mohammed Mohammed Mustafa; Elhoseny Ghada; Magdy Mohamed; Elkhalek Esraa Abd; Zakaria Yehia; Ezzat Tarek; El Dahab Ali Abo; Kelany Mohamed; Arafa Sara; Hassan Osama Mokhtar Mohamed; Badwi Nermin Mohamed; Sleem Ahmad Saber; Ahmed Hussien; Abdelbadeai Kholoud; Abdullah Mohamed Abozed; Lokman Muhammad Amsyar Auni; Bahar Suraya; Abdelazeam Anan Rady; Adelshone Abdelrahman; Hasnan Muhammad Bin; Zulkifli Athirah; Kamarulzamil Siti Nur Alia; Elhendawy Abdelaziz; Latif Aliang; Adnan Ahmad Bin; Shaharuddin Shahadatul; Majid Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul; Amreia Mahmoud; Al‐Marakby Dina; Salma Mahmoud; Ismail Mohamad Jeffrey Bin; Basir Elissa Rifhan Mohd; Ali Citra Dewi Mohd; Ata Aya Yehia; Nasr Maha; Rezq Asmaa; Sheta Ahmed; Tariq Sherif; Sallam Abd Elkhalek; Darwish Abdelrhman KZ; Elmihy Sohaila; Elhadry Shady; Farag Ahmed; Hajeh Haidar; Abdelaal Abdelaziz; Aglan Amro; Zohair Ahmed; Essam Mahitab; Moussa Omar; El‐Gizawy Esraa; Samy Mostafa; Ali Safia; Elhalawany Esraa; Ata Ahmed; El Halawany Mohamed; Nashat Mohamed; Soliman Samar; Elazab Alaa; Samy Mostada; Abdelaziz Mohamed A; Ibrahim Khaled; Ibrahim Ahmed mohamed; Gado Ammar; Hantour Usama; Eldeen Esraa Alm; loaloa Mohamed Reda; Abouzaid Arwa; Eldin Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa; Hashad Eman; Sroor Fathy; Gamil Doaa; Abdulhakeem Eman Mahmoud; Zakaria Mahmoud; Mohamed Fawzy; Abubakr Marwan; Ali Elsayed; Magdy Hesham; Ramadan Menna Tallah; Mohamed Mohamed Abdelaty; Mansour Salma; Amin Hager Abdul Aziz; Mohamed Ahmed Rabie; Saami Mahmoud; Elsayed Nada Ahmed Reda; Tarek Adham; Mahmoud Sabry Mohy Eldeen; El Sayed Islam Magdy; Reda Amira; Shawky Martina Yusuf; Salem Mohammed Mousa; El‐Din Shahinaz Alaa; Soliman Noha Abdullah; Talaat Muhammed; Alaael‐Dein Shahinaz; Elhusseiny Ahmed Abd Elmoen; Abdullah Noha; Elshaar Mohammed; Ibraheem Aya AbdelFatah; Abdulaziz Hager; Ismail Mohammed Kamal; Madkor Mona Hamdy; Abdelaty Mohamed; Abdel‐Kader Sara Mahmoud; Salah Osama Mohamed; Eldafrawy Mahmoud; Eldeeb Ahmed Zaki; Eid Mostafa Mahmoud; Attia Attia; El‐Dien Khalid Salah; Shwky Ayman; Badenjki Mohamed Adel; Soliman Abdelrahman; Al Attar Samaa Mahmoud; Sayed Farrag; Sabour Fahd Abdel; Azizeldine Mohammed G.; Shawqi Muhammad; Hashim Abdullah; Aamer Ahmed; Abdelraouf Ahmed Mahmoud; Abdelshakour Mahmoud; Ibrahim Amal; Mahmoud Basma; Mahmoud Mohamed Ali; Qenawy Mostafa; Rashed Ahmed M.; Dahy Ahmed; Sayed Marwa; Shamsedine Ahmed W.; Mohamed Bakeer; Hasan Ahmad; Saad Mahmoud M.; Bassit Khalil Abdul; El‐Latif Nadia Khalid Abd; Elzahed Nada; El Kashash Ahmed; Bekhet Nada Mohamed; Hafez Sarah; Gad Ahmed; Maher Mahmoud Elkhadragy; Elsameea Ahmed Abd; Hafez Mohamed; Sabe Ahmad; Ahmed Ataa; Shahine Ahmed; Dawood Khaled; Gaafar Shireen; Husseiny Reem; Aboelmagd Omnia; Soliman Ahmed; Mesbah Nourhan; Emadeldin Hossam; Al Meligy Amgad; Bekhet Amira Hassan; Hasan Doaa; Alhady Khaled; Sabe Ahmad Khaled; Elnajjar Mahmoud A.; Aboelella Majed; Hamsho Ward; Hassan Ihab; Saad Hala; Abdelazim Galaleldin; Mahmoud Hend; Wael Noha; Kandil Ahmedali M; Magdy Ahmed; Elkholy Shimaa Said; Adel Badr Eldin; Dabbour Kareem; Elsherbiney Saged; Mattar Omar; Abdrabou Abdulshafi Khaled; Aly Mohammed Yahia Mohamed; Geuoshy Abdelrahman; Elnagar Ahmedglal; Ahmed Saraibrahim; Abdelmotaleb Ibrahem; Saleh Amr Ahmed; Saeed Manar; Mahmoud Shady; Tawfik Badreldin Adel; Ismail Samar Adel; Zakaria Esraay; Gad Mariam O.; Elhelbawy Mohamed Salah; Bassem Monica; Maraie Noha; Elhadary Nourhan Medhat; Semeda Nourhan; Mohamed Shaza Rabie; Bakry Hesham Mohammed; Essam AA; Tarek Dina; Ashour Khlood; Elhadad Alaa; Abdel‐Aty Abdulrahman; Rakha Ibrahim; Matter Sara Mamdouh; Abdelhamed Rasha; Abdelkader Omar; Hassaan Ayat; Soliman Yasmin; Mohamed Amna; Ghanem Sara; Farouk Sara Amr Mohamed; Ibrahim Eman Mohamed; El‐Taher Esraa; Mostafa Merna; Badr Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous; Elsemelawy Rofida; El‐Sawy Aya; Bakr Ahmad; Al Rafati Ahmad Abdel Razaq; Saar Sten; Reinsoo Arvo; Talving Peep; Seyoum Nebyou; Worku Tewodros; Fitsum Agazi; Tolonen Matti; Leppäniemi Ari; Sallinen Ville; Parmentier Benoît; Peycelon Matthieu; Irtan Sabine; Dardenne Sabrina; Robert Elsa; Maillot Betty; Courboin Etienne; Arnaud Alexis Pierre; Hascoet Juliette; Abbo Olivier; Kaci Amir Ait; Prudhomme Thomas; Ballouhey Quentin; Grosos Céline; Fourcade Laurent; Cecilia Tolg; Jean‐Francois Colombani; Helene Francois‐Coridon; Delforge Xavier; Haraux Elodie; Dousset Bertrand; Schiavone Roberto; Gaujoux Sebastien; Marret Jean‐Baptiste; Haffreingue Aurore; Rod Julien; Renaux‐Petel Mariette; Lecompte Jean‐François; Bréaud Jean; Gastaldi Pauline; Taieb Chouikh; Claire Raquillet; Anis Echaieb; Bustangi Nasir; Lopez Manuel; Scalabre Aurelien; Grella Maria Giovanna; Mariani Aurora; Podevin Guillaume; Schmitt Françoise; Hervieux Erik; Broch Aline; Muller Cecile; Tabiri Stephen; Kojo Anyomih Theophilus Teddy; Bandoh Dickson; Abantanga Francis; Kyereh Martin; Asumah Hamza; Appiah Eric Kofi; Wondoh Paul; Gyedu Adam; Dally Charles; Agbedinu Kwabena; Amoah Michael; Yifieyeh Abiboye; Owusu Frank; Amoako‐Boateng Mabel; Dayie Makafui; Hagan Richmond; Debrah Sam; Ohene‐Yeboah Micheal; Clegg‐Lampety Joe‐Nat; Etwire Victor; Dakubo Jonathan; Essoun Samuel; Bonney William; Glover‐Addy Hope; Osei‐Nketiah Samuel; Amoako Joachim; Adu‐Aryee Niiarmah; Appeadu‐Mensah William; Bediako‐Bowan Antoinette; Dedey Florence; Ekow Mattew; Akatibo Emmanuel; Yakubu Musah; Kordorwu Hope Edem Kofi; Asare‐Bediako Kwasi; Tackie Enoch; Aaniana Kenneth; Acquah Emmanuel; Opoku‐Agyeman Richard; Avoka Anthony; Kusi Kwasi; Maison Kwame; Gyamfi Frank Enoch; Barnabas Gandau Naa; Abdul‐Latif Saiba; Amoako Philip Taah; Davor Anthony; Dassah Victor; Dagoe Enoch; Kwakyeafriyie Prince; Akoto Elliot; Ackom Eric; Mensah Ekow; Atkins Ebenezer Takyi; Coompson Christian Lari; Ivros Nikolaos; Ferousis Christoforos; Kalles Vasileios; Agalianos Christos; Kyriazanos Ioannis; Barkolias Christos; Tselos Angelos; Tzikos Georgios; Voulgaris Evangelos; Lytras Dimitrios; Bamicha Athanasia; Psarianos Kyriakos; Stefanopoulos Anastasios; Patoulias Ioannis; Sfougaris Dimitrios; Valioulis Ioannis; Balalis Dimitrios; Korkolis Dimitrios; Manatakis Dimitrios K; Kyrou Georgios; Karabelias Georgios; Papaskarlatos Iason‐Antonios; Konstantina Kolonia; Zampitis Nikolaos; Germanos Stylianos; Papailia Aspasia; Theodosopoulos Theodosios; Gkiokas Georgios; Mitroudi Magdalini; Panteli Christina; Feidantsis Thomas; Farmakis Konstantinos; Kyziridis Dimitrios; Ioannidis Orestis; Parpoudi Styliani; Gemenetzis Georgios; Parasyris Stavros; Anthoulakis Christos; Nikoloudis Nikolaos; Margaritis Michail; Aguilera‐Arevalo Maria‐Lorena; Coyoy‐Gaitan Otto; Rosales Javier; Tale Luis; Soley Rafael; Barrios Emmanuel; Rodriguez Servio Tulio Torres; Galvez Carlos Paz; Cruz Danilo Herrera; Rosenberg Guillermo Sanchez; Matheu Alejandro; Cohen David Monterroso; Paul Marie; Charles Angeline; Lam Justin Chak Yiu; Yeung Man Hon Andrew; Fok Chi Ying Jacquelyn; Li Ka Hin Gabriel; Lai Anthony Chuk‐Him; Cheung Yuk Hong Eric; Wong Hong Yee; Leung Ka Wai; Lee Tien Seng Bryan; Lam Wai Him; Dao Weihei; Kwok Stephanie Hiu‐wai; Chan Tsz‐Yan Katie; Ng Yung Kok; Mak TWC; Liu Qinyang; Foo Chi Chung; Yang James; Kumar Basant; Bhatnagar Ankur; Upadhyaya Vijaid; Kumar Sunil; Muddebihal Uday; Dar Wasim; Janardha KC; Alexander Philip; Aruldas Neerav; Adella Fidelis Jacklyn; Rulie Anthonius Santoso; Iskandar Ferdy; Setiawan Jonny; Evajelista Cicilia Viany; Natalie Hani; Suyadi Arlindawati; Gunawan Rudy; Karismaningtyas Herlin; Mata Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih; Andika Ferry Fitriya Ayu; Hasanah Afifatun; Widiastini T Ariani; Purwaningsih Nurlaila Ayu; Mukin Annisa Dewi Fitriana; Rahmah Dina Faizatur; Nurqistan Hazmi Dwinanda; Arsyad Hasbi Maulana; Adhitama Novia; Jeo Wifanto Saditya; Sutandi Nathania; Clarissa Audrey; Gultom Phebe Anggita; Billy Matthew; Haloho Andreass; Amandito Radhian; Johanna Nadya; Lee Felix; Dorani Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin; Glynn Martha; Alherz Mohammad; Goh Wennweoi; Shiwani Haaris A.; Sproule Lorraine; Conlon Kevin C.; Bala Miklosh; Kedar Asaf; Turati Luca; Bianco Federica; Steccanella Francesca; Gallo Gaetano; Trompetto Mario; Clerico Giuseppe; Papandrea Matteo; Sammarco Giuseppe; Sacco Rosario; Benevento Angelo; Pata Francesco; Giavarini Luisa; Giglio Mariano Cesare; Bucci Luigi; Pagano Gianluca; Sollazzo Viviana; Peltrini Roberto; Luglio Gaetano; Birindelli Arianna; Di Saverio Salomone; Tugnoli Gregorio; Paludi Miguel Angel; Mingrone Pietro; Pata Domenica; Selvaggi Francesco; Selvaggi Lucio; Pellino Gianluca; Di Martino Natale; Curletti Gianluca; Aonzo Paolo; Galleano Raffaele; Berti Stefano; Francone Elisa ;Boni Silvia; Lorenzon Laura; lo Conte Annalisa; Balducci Genoveffa; Confalonieri Gianmaria; Pesenti Giovanni; Gavagna Laura; Vasquez Giorgio; Targa Simone; Occhionorelli Savino; Andreotti Dario; Pata Giacomo; Armellini Andrea; Chiesa Deborah; Aquilino Fabrizio; Chetta Nicola; Picciariello Arcangelo; Abdelkhalek Mohamed; Belli Andrea; De Franciscis Silvia; Bigaran Annamaria; Favero Alessandro; Basso Stefano M. M; Salusso Paola; Perino Martina; Mochet Sylvie; Sasia Diego; Riente Francesco; Migliore Marco; Merlini David; Basilicò Silvia; Corbellini Carlo; Lazzari Veronica; Macchitella Yuri; Bonavina Luigi; Angelieri Daniele; Coletta Diego; Falaschi Federica; Catani Marco; Reali Claudia; Malavenda Mariastella; Del Basso Celeste; Ribaldi Sergio; Coletti Massimo; Natili Andrea; Depalma Norma; Iannone Immacolata; Antoniozzi Angelo; Rossi Davide; Gui Daniele; Perrotta Gerardo; Ripa Matteo; Giardino Francesco Ruben; Foco Maurizio; Vicario Erika; Coccolini Federico; Ansaloni Luca; Nita Gabriela Elisa; Leone Nicoletta; Bondurri Andrea; Maffioli Anna; Simioni Andrea; De Boni Davide; Pasquali Sandro; Goldin Elena; Vendramin Elena; Ciccioli Eleonora; Tedeschi Umberto; Bortolasi Luca; Violi Paola; Campagnaro Tommaso; Conci Simone; Lazzari Giovanni; Iacono Calogero; Gulielmi Alfredo; Manfreda Serena; Rinaldi Anna; Ringressi Maria Novella; Brunoni Beatrice; Salamone Giuseppe; Mangiapane Mirko; De Marco Paolino; La Brocca Antonella; Tutino Roberta; Silvestri Vania; Licari Leo; Fontana Tommaso; Falco Nicolò; Cocorullo Gianfranco; Shalaby Mostafa; Sileri Pierpaolo; Arcudi Claudio; Bsisu Isam; Aljboor Khaled; Abusalem Lana; Alnusairat Aseel; Qaissieh Ahmad; Al‐Dakka Emad; Ababneh Ali; Halhouli Oday; Yusufali Taha; Mohammed Hussein; Lando Justus; Parker Robert; Ndegwa Wairimu; Jokubauskas Mantas; Gribauskaite Jolanta; Venskutonis Donatas; Kuliavas Justas; Dulskas Audrius; Samalavicius Narimantas E.; Jasaitis Kristijonas; Parseliunas Audrius; Nevieraite Viktorija; Montrimaite Margarita; Slapelyte Evelina; Dainius Edvinas; Riauka Romualdas; Dambrauskas Zilvinas; Subocius Andrejus; Venclauskas Linas; Gulbinas Antanas; Bradulskis Saulius; Kasputyte Simona; Mikuckyte Deimante; Kiudelis Mindaugas; Zilinskas Justas; Jankus Tomas; Petrikenas Steponas; Pažuskis Matas; Urniežius Zigmantas; Vilčinskas Mantas; Banaitis Vincas Jonas; Gaižauskas Vytautas; Grisin Edvard; Mazrimas Povilas; Rackauskas Rokas; Drungilas Mantas; Lagunavicius Karolis; Lipnickas Vytautas; Majauskyté Dovilè; Jotautas Valdemaras; Abaliksta Tomas; Uščinas Laimonas; Simutis Gintaras; Ladukas Adomas; Danys Donatas; Laugzemys Erikas; Mikalauskas Saulius; Poskus Tomas; Sruogiene Elena Zdanyte; Višinskas Petras; Žilinskienė Reda; Dragatas Deividas; Burmistrovas Andrius; Tverskis Zygimantas; Vaicius Arturas; Mazelyte Ruta; Zadoroznas Antanas; Kaselis Nerijus; Žiubrytė Greta; Rahantasoa Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence; Samison Luc Hervé; Rasoaherinomenjanahary Fanjandrainy; Tolotra Todisoa Emmanuella Christina; Mukuzunga Cornelius; Msosa Vanessa; Kwatiwani Chimwemwe; Msiska Nelson; Chai Feng Yih; Asilah Siti Mohd Desa; Syibrah Khuzaimah Zahid; Chin Pui Xin; Salleh Afizah; Riswan Nur Zulaika; Roslani April Camilla; Chong Hoong‐Yin; Aziz Nora Abdul; Poh Keat‐Seong; Chai Chu‐Ann; Kumar Sandip; Taher Mustafa Mohammed; Kosai Nik Ritza; Aziz Dayang Nita Abdul; Rajan Reynu; Julaihi Rokayah; Jethwani Durvesh Lacthman; Yahaya Muhammad Taqiyuddin; Abdullah Nik Azim Nik; Mathew Susan Wndy; Chung Kuet Jun; Nirumal Milaksh Kumar; Tze R. 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Duinhouwer Lucia; Pastora Javier; Wood Greta; Merlo Maria Soledad; Ajao Akinlabi; Ayandipo Omobolaji; Lawal Taiwo; Abdurrazzaaq Abdussemiu; Alada Muslimat; Nasir Abdulrasheed; Adeniran James; Habeeb Olufemi; Popoola Ademola; Adeyeye Ademola; Adebanjo Ademola; Adesanya Opeoluwa; Adeniyi Adewale; Mendel Henry; Bello Bashir; Muktar Umar; Osinowo Adedapo; Olajide Thomas Olagboyega; Oshati Oyindamola; Ihediwa George; Adenekan Babajide; Nwinee Victor; Alakaloko Felix; Ademuyiwa Adesoji; Elebute Olumide; Lawal Abdulrazzaq; Bode Chris; Olugbemi Mojolaoluwa; Adesina Alaba; Faturoti Olubukola; Odutola Oluwatomi; Adebola Oluwaseyi; Onuoha Clement; Taiwo Ogechukwu; Williams Omolara; Balogun Fatai; Ajai Olalekan; Oludara Mobolaji; Njokanma Iloba; Osuoji Roland; Kache Stephen; Ajah Jonathan; Makama Jerry; Adamu Ahmed; Baba Suleiman; Aliyu Mohammad; Aliyu Shamsudeen; Ukwenya Yahaya; Aliyu Halima; Sholadoye Tunde; Daniyan Muhammad; Ogunsua Oluseyi; Anyanwu Lofty‐John; Sheshe Abdurrahaman; Mohammad Aminu; Olori Samson; Mshelbwala Philip; Odeyemi Babatunde; Samson Garba; Timothy Oyediran Kehinde; Samuel Sani Ali; Ajiboye Anthony; Adeyeye Ademola; Amole Isaac; Abiola Olajide; Olaolorun Akin; Søreide Kjetil; Veen Torhild; Kanani Arezo; Styles Kristian; Herikstad Ragnar; Larsen Johannes Wiik; Søreide Jon Arne; Jensen Elisabeth; Gran Mads; Aahlin Eirik Kjus; Gaarder Tina; Monrad‐Hansen Peter Wiel; Næss Pål Aksel; Lauzikas Giedrius; Wiborg Joachim; Holte Silje; Augestad Knut Magne; Banipal Gurpreet Singh; Monteleone Michela; Moe Thomas Tetens; Schultz Johannes Kurt; Al‐taher Taher; Hamdan Ayah; Salman Ayman; Saadeh Rana; Musleh Aseel; Jaradat Dana; Abushamleh Soha; Hanoun Sakhaa; Qumbos Amjad Abu; Hamarshi Aseel; Taher Ayman And; Qawasmi Israa; Qurie Khalid; Altarayra Marwa; Ghannam Mohammad; Shaheen Alaa; Herebat Azher; Abdelhaq Aram; Shalabi Ahmad; Abu‐toyour Maram; Asi Fatema; Shamasneh Ala; Atiyeh Anwar; Mustafa Mousa; Zaa'treh Rula; Dabboor Majd; Alaloul Enas; Baraka Heba; Meqbil Jehad; Al‐Buhaisi Alaa; Elshami Mohamedraed; Afana Samah; Jaber Sahar; Alyacoubi Said; Abuowda Yousef; Idress Tasneem; Abuqwaider Eman; Al‐saqqa Sara; Bowabsak Alaa; El Jamassi Alaa; Hasanain Doaa; Al‐farram Hadeel; Salah Maram; Firwana Aya; Hamdan Marwa; Awad Israa; Ashour Ahmad; Al Barrawi Fayez Elian; Al‐khatib Ahmed; Al‐faqawi Maha; Fares Mohamed; Elmashala Amjad; Adawi Mohammad; Adawi Ihdaa; Khreishi Reem; Khreishi Rose; ashour Ahmad; Ghaben Ahed; Nadeem Najwa; Saqlain Muhammad; Abbasy Jibran; Alvi Abdul Rehman; Gala Tanzeela; Shahzad Noman; Bhopal Kamran Faisal; Iftikhar Zainab; Butt Muhammad Talha; Asaat ul Razi Syed; Ahmed Asdaq; Niazi Ali Khan; Raza Ibrahim; Baluch Fatima; Raza Ahmed; Bani‐Sadar Ahmad; Qureshi Ahmad Uzair; Adil Muhammad; Raza Awais; Javaid Mahnoor; Waqar Muhammad; Khan Maryam Ali; Arshad Mohammad Mohsin; Amjad Mohammadasim; Vega Gustavo Miguel Machain; Cardozo Jorge Torres; Roche Marcelo O'Higgins; Servin Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen; Lohse Helmut Alfredo Segovia; Lopez Larissa Ines Páez; Cardozo Ramón Augusto Melo; Espinoza Fernando; Rojas Angel David Pérez; Sanchez Diana; Samaniego Camila Sanchez; Torres Shalon Guevara; Calua Alexander Canta; Razuri Cesar; Ortiz Nadia; Rodriguez Xianelle; Carrasco Nahilia; Saravia Fridiz; Miyasato Hector Shibao; Valcarcel‐Saldaña María; Bermúdez Ysabel Esthefany Alejos; Carpio Juan; Panez Walter Ruiz; Orbegozo Pedro Angel Toribio; Dueñas Carolina Guzmán; Espinoza Kevin Turpo; Barrantes Ana Maria Sandoval; Bravo Jorge Armando Chungui; Shu Sebastian; Fuentes‐Rivera Lorena; Fernández Carmen; Romani Diego; Málaga Bárbara; Ye Joselyn; Velasquez Ricardo; Salcedo Jannin; Contreras‐Vergara Ana Lucia; Mejia Angelica Genoveva Vergara; Montejo Maria Soledad Gonzales; Salas Marilia Del Carmen Escalante; Ticona Willy Alcca; Vargas Marvin; Sila George Christian Manrique; Mas Robinson; Pilar Paucar Arazzelly; Velásquez Armando José Román; Robledo‐Rabanal Alina; Solis Ludwing Alexander Zeta; Espinoza Kenny Turpo; Hamaguchi José Luis Hamasaki; Farfan Erick Samuel Florez; Barrientos Linda Alvi Madrid; Matta Juan Jaime Herrera; Mora John Jemuel V.; Redota Menold Archee P.; Roxas Manuel Francisco; Maño Maria Jesusa B.; Parreno‐Sacdalan Marie Dione; Lapitan Marie Carmela; Almanon Christel Leanne; Walędziak Maciej; Roszkowski Rafał; Janik Michał; Lasek Anna; Major Piotr; Radkowiak Dorota; Rubinkiewicz Mateusz; Fernandes Cristina; Costa‐Maia Jose; Melo Renato; Muntean Liviu; Mironescu Aurel Sandu; Vida Lucian Corneliu; Kourdouli Amar; Popa Mariuca; Mircea Hogea; Vartic Mihaela; Diaconescu Bogdan; Bratu Matei Razvan; Negoi Ionut; Beuran Mircea; Ciubotaru Cezar; Ingabire J. C Allen; Mutabazi Alphonse Zeta; Uzabumwana Norbert; Duhoranenayo Dieudonne; Jovine Elio; Zanini Nicola; Landolfo Giovanni; Aljiffry Murad; Idris Faisal; Alghamdi Mohammed Saleh A.; Maghrabi Ashraf; Altaf Abdulmalik; Alkaaki Aroub; Khoja Ahmad; Nawawi Abrar; Turkustani Sondos; Khalifah Eyad; Gudal Ahmad; Albiety Adel; Sahel Sarah; Alshareef Reham; Alzahrani Mohammed Najjar Ahmed; Alghamdi Ahmed; Alhazmi Wedyan; Al Saied Ghiath; Alamoudi Mohammed; Riaz Muhammed Masood; Hassanain Mazen; Alhassan Basmah; Altamimi Abdullah; Alyahya Reem; Al Subaie Norah; Al Bastawis Fatema; Altamimi Afnan; Nouh Thamer; Khan Roaa; Radojkovic Milan; Jeremic Ljiljana; Nestorovic Milica; Law Jia Hao; Tan Keith Say Kwang; Tan Ryan Choon Kiat; Tan Joel Kin; Joel Lau Wen Liang; Lieske Bettina; Chan Xue Wei; Leong Faith Qi Hui; Chong Choon Seng; Koh Sharon; Lee Kai Yin; Lee Kuok Chung; Pluke Kent; Dedekind Britta; Nashidengo Puyearashid; Hampton Mark Ian; Joosten Johanna; Sobnach Sanju; Roodt Liana; Sander Anthony; Pape James; Spence Richard; Maistry Niveshni; Ndwambi Phumudzo; Kinandu Kamau; Tun Myint; Du Toit Frederick; Ellison Quinn; Burger Sule; Grobler DC; Khulu Lawrence Bongani; Moore Rachel; Jennings Vicky; Leusink Astrid; Kariem Nazmie; Gouws Juan; Chu Kathryn; Bougard Heather; Noor Fazlin; Dell Angela; Rayne Sarah; Van Straten Stephanie; Khamajeet Arvin; Tshisola Serge Kapenda; Kabongo Kalangu; Kong Victor; Moodley Yoshan; Anderson Frank; Madiba Thandinkosi; Plooy Flip; Hartford Leila; Chilton Gareth; Karjiker Parveen; Mabitsela Matlou Ernest; Ndlovu Sibongile Ruth; Badicel Maria; Jaich Robert; Ruiz‐Tovar Jaime; Garcia‐Florez Luis; Otero‐Díez Jorge L.; Pérez Virginia Ramos; Suárez Nuria Aguado; García Javier Minguez; Moreno Sara Corral; Collado Maria Vicenta; Carneros Virginia Jiménez; Septiem Javier García; Gonzalez Mariana; Picardo Antonio; Esteban Enrique; Ferrero Esther; Ortega Irene; Espin‐Basany Eloy; Blanco‐Colino Ruth; Andriola Valeria; García Lorena Solar; Contreras Elisa; Bernardo Carmen García; Pagnozzi Janet; Sanz Sandra; León Alberto Miyar; Dorismé Asnel; Rodicio Joseluis; Suarez Aida; Stuva Jessica; Vico Tamara Diaz; Fernandez‐Vega Laura; Soldevila‐Verdeguer Carla; Sena‐Ruiz Fatima; Pujol‐Cano Natalia; Diaz‐Jover Paula; Garcia‐Perez José Maria; Segura‐Sampedro Juan Jose; Pineño‐Flores Cristina; Ambrona‐Zafra David; Craus‐Miguel Andrea; Jimenez‐Morillas Patricia; Mazzella Angela; Jayathilake A. B; Thalgaspitiya S. P. B; Wijayarathna L. S.; Wimalge P. M. S. N.; Sanni Hakeem Ayomi; Ndajiwo Aliyu; Okenabirhie Ogheneochuko; Homeida Anmar; Younis Abobaker; Omer Omer Abdelbagi; Abdulaziz Mustafa; Mussad Ali; Adam Ali; Cengiz Yucel; Björklund Ida; Ahlqvist Sandra; Ahlqvist Sandra; Thorell Anders; Wogensen Fredrik; Sokratous Arestis; Breistrand Michaela; Thorarinsdottir Hildur; Sigurdadottir Johanna; Nikberg Maziar; Chabok Abbas; Hjertberg Maria; Elbe Peter; Saraste Deborah; Rutkowski Wiktor; Forlin Louise; Niska Karoliina; Sund Malin; Oswald Dennis; Peros Georgios; Bluelle Rafael; Reinisch Katharina; Frey Daniel; Palma Adrian; Raptis Dimitri Aristotle; Zumbühl Lucius; Zuber Markus; Schmid Roger; Werder Gabriela; Nocito Antonio; Gerosa Alexandra; Mahanty Silke; Widmer Lukas Werner; Müller Julia; Gübeli Alissa; Zuk Grzegorz; Gulcicek Osman Bilgin; Altinel Yuksel; Vartanoglu Talar; Kose Emin; Karahan Servet Rustu; Aydin Mehmet Can; Sahbaz Nuri Alper; Halicioglu Ilkay; Alis Halil; Sapci Ipek; Adıyaman Can; Pektaş Ahmet Murat; Cengiz Turgut Bora; Tansoker Ilkan; Işler Vedatcan; Cevik Muazzez; Mutlu Deniz; Ozben Volkan; Ozmen Berk Baris; Bayram Sefa; Yolcu Sinem; Kobal Berna Buse; Toto Ömer Faruk; Çakaloğlu Haluk Cem; Karabulut Kagan; Mutlu Vahit; Ozkan Bahar Busra; Celik Saban; Semiz Anil; Bodur Selim; Gül Enisburak; Murutoglu Busra; Yildirim Reyyan; Baki Bahadir Emre; Arslan Ekin; Ulusahin Mehmet; Guner Ali; Walker Nathan; Shrimanker Nikhita; Stoddart Michael; Cole Simon; Breslin Ryan; Srinivasan Ravi; Elshaer Mohamed; Hunter Kristina; Al‐Bahrani Ahmed; Liew Ignatius; Mairs Nora Grace; Rocke Alistair; Dick Lachlan; Qureshi Mobeen; Chowdhury Debkumar; Wright Naomi; Skerritt Clare; Kufeji Dorothy; Ho Adrienne; Dissanayake Tharindra; Tennakoon Athula; Ali Wadah; Lim Shujing Jane; Tan Charlene; O'Neill Stephen; Jones Catrin; Knight Stephen; Nassif Dima; Sharma Abhishek; Warren Oliver; White Rebecca; Mehdi Aia; Post Nathan; Kalakouti Eliana; Dashnyam Enkhbat; Stourton Frederick; Mykoniatis Ioannis; Currow Chelise; Wong Francisca; Gupta Ashish; Shatkar Veeranna; Luck Joshua; Kadiwar Suraj; Smedley Alexander; Wakefield Rebecca; Herrod Philip; Blackwell James; Lund Jonathan; Cohen Fraser; Bandi Ashwath; Giuliani Stefano; Bond‐Smith Giles; Pezas Theodore; Farhangmehr Neda; Urbonas Tomas; Perenyei Miklos; Ireland Philip; Blencowe Natalie; Bowling Kirk; Bunting David; Longstaff Lydia; Smart Neil; Keogh Kenneth; Jeon Hyunjin; Iqbal Muhammad Rafaih; Khosla Shivun; Jeffery Anna; Perera James; Teasdale Ella; Ibrahem Ahmad Aboelkassem; Alhammali Tariq; Salama Yahya; Kabariti Rakan; Oram Shaun; Kidd Thomas; Cullen Fraser; Owen Christopher; Wilson Michael; Chiu Seehui; Sarafilovic Hannah; Ploski Jennifer; Evans Elizabeth; Abbas Athar; Kamya Sylvia; Ishak Norzawani; Bisset Carly; Andress Cedar; Chin Ye Ru; Patel Priya; Evans David; Jeffery Anna; Perera James; Haslegrave Aidan; Boggon Adam; Laurie Kirsten; Connor Katie; Mann Thomas; Nepogodiev Dmitri; Mansuri Anahita; Davies Rachel; Griffiths Ewen; Shahbaz Aized Raza; Eng Calvin; Din Farhat; L'Heveder Ariadne; Park Esther H. G.; Ravishankar Ramanish; McIntosh Kirsten; Yau Jih Dar; Chan Luke; McGarvie Susan; Tang Lingshan; Lim Hui; Yap Suhhuey; Park Jay; Ng Zhan Herr; Mirza Shahrukh; Ang Yun Lin; Walls Luke; Teasdale Ella; Roy Chloe; Paterson‐Brown Simon; Camilleri‐Brennan Julian; Mclean Kenneth; D'Souza Michelle S; Pronin Savva; Henshall David Ewart; Ter Eunice Zuling; Fouad Dina; Minocha Ashish; English William; Morgan Catrin; Townsend Dominic; Maciejec Laura; Mahdi Shareef; Akpenyi Onyinye; Hall Elisabeth; Caydiid Hanaan; Rob Zakaria; Abbott Tom; Torrance Hew D; Irwin Gareth; Johnston Robin; Gani Mohammed Akil; Gravante Gianpiero; Rajmohan Shivanchan; Majid Kiran; Dindyal Shiva; Smith Christopher; Palliyil Madanmohan; Patel Sanjay; Nicholson Luke; Harvey Neil; Baillie Katie; Shillito Sam; Kershaw Suzanne; Bamford Rebecca; Orton Peter; Reunis Elke; Tyler Robert; Soon Wai Cheong; Jama Guled M.; Dhillon Dharminder; Patel Khyati; Nanthakumaran Shayanthan; Heard Rachel; Chen Kar Yan; Barmayehvar Behrad; Datta Uttaran; Kamarajah Sivesh K; Karandikar Sharad; Tani Sobhana Iftekhar; Monaghan Eimear; Donnelly Philippa; Walker Michael; Parakh Jehangirshaw; Blacker Sarah; Kaul Anil; Paramasivan Arjun; Farag Sameh; Nessa Ashrafun; Awadallah Salwa; Lim Jieqi; Ng James Chean Khun; Gash Katherine; Kiran Ravi P.; Murray Alice; Etchill Eric; Dasari Mohini; Puyana Juan; Haddad Nadeem; Zielinski Martin; Choudhry Asad; Caliman Celeste; Beamon Mieshia; Duane Therese; Narayanan Ragavan; Swaroop Mamta; Myers Jonathan; Deal Rebecca; Schadde Erik; Hemmila Mark; Napolitano Lena; To Kathleen; Makupe Alex; Musowoya Joseph; Maimbo Mayaba; Van Der Naald Niels; Kumwenda Dayson; Reece‐Smith Alex; Otten Kars; Verbeek Anna; Prins Marloes; Suarez Alibeth Andres Baquero; Balmaceda Ruben; Deane Chelsea; Dijan Emilio; Elfiky Mahmoud; Koskenvuo Laura; Thollot Aurore; Limoges Bernard; Capito Carmen; Alexandre Challine; Kotobi Henri; Leroux Julien; Rod Julien; Pinnagoda Kalitha; Henric Nicolas; Azzis Olivier; Rosello Olivier; Francois Poddevin; Etienne Sara; Buisson Philippe; Hmila Sophian; Clegg‐Lamptey Joe‐Nat; Imoro Osman; Abem Owusu Emmanuel; Wondoh Paul; Papageorgiou Dimitrios; Soulou Vasiliki; Asturias Sabrina; Peña Lenin; Kumar Basant; O'Connor Donal B; Luc Alberto Realis; Russo Alfio Alessandro; Ruzzenente Andrea; Taddei Antonio; Cona Camilla; Bottini Corrado; Pascale Giovanni; Rotunno Giuseppe; Solaini Leonardo; Pascale Marco Maria; Notarnicola Margherita; Corbellino Mario; Sacco Michele; Ubiali Paolo; Cautiero Roberto; Bocchetti Tommaso; Muzio Elena; Guglielmo Vania; Morandi Eugenio; Mao Patrizio; De Luca Emilia; Notarnicola Margherita; Ali Farah Mahmoud; Žilinskas Justas; Strupas Kestutis; Kondrotas Paulius; Baltrunas Robertas; Kutkevicius Juozas; Ignatavicius Povilas; Tan Choy Ling; Siaw Jia Yng; Yam Sir Young; Wilson Ling; Aziz Mohamed Rezal Abdul; Bondin John; Zorrilla Carmina Diaz; Majbar Anass; Sale Danjuma; Abdullahi Lawal; Osagie Olabisi; Faboya Omolara; Fatuga Adedeji; Taiwo Agboola; Nwabuoku Emeka; Bliksøen Marte; Khan Zain Ali; Coronel Jazmin; Miranda Cesar; Vasquez Idelso; Helguero‐Santin Luis M.; Rickard Jennifer; Mironescu Aurel; Adedeji Adesina; Alqahtani Saleh; Rath Max; Van Niekerk Michael; Koto Modise Zacharia; Matos‐Puig Roel; Israelsson Leif; Schuetz Tobias; Yuksek Mahmut Arif; Mericliler Meric; Uluşahin Mehmet; Wolf Bernhard; Fairfield Cameron; Yong Guo Liang; Whitehurst Katharine; Wilson Michael; Redgrave Natalie; Musyoka Caroluce K; Olivier James; Lee Kathryn; Cox Michael; Farhan‐Alanie Muhamed M H; Callan Rory; Chibuye Chali; Ali Tebian Hassanein Ahmed; Rekhis Syrine; Rommaneh Muna; Halhouli Oday; Sam Zi Hao; Chen Jacky Hong Chieh; Roi Dylan; Ismaïl Lawani; Kalles Vasileios; Pata Francesco; Nita Gabriela Elisa; Coccolini Federico; Ansaloni Luca; Pugliesi Thays Brunelli; Pardo Gabriel; Blanco Ruth; Escobar Eugenio Grasset
2019-01-01
Abstract
Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and-2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle-and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 percent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low-compared with middle-and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion: Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone.
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Il report seguente simula gli indicatori relativi alla propria produzione scientifica in relazione alle soglie ASN 2023-2025 del proprio SC/SSD. Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento dell'abilitazione. La simulazione si basa sui dati IRIS e sugli indicatori bibliometrici alla data indicata e non tiene conto di eventuali periodi di congedo obbligatorio, che in sede di domanda ASN danno diritto a incrementi percentuali dei valori. La simulazione può differire dall'esito di un’eventuale domanda ASN sia per errori di catalogazione e/o dati mancanti in IRIS, sia per la variabilità dei dati bibliometrici nel tempo. Si consideri che Anvur calcola i valori degli indicatori all'ultima data utile per la presentazione delle domande. La presente simulazione è stata realizzata sulla base delle specifiche raccolte sul tavolo ER del Focus Group IRIS coordinato dall’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e delle regole riportate nel DM 589/2018 e allegata Tabella A. Cineca, l’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e il Focus Group IRIS non si assumono alcuna responsabilità in merito all’uso che il diretto interessato o terzi faranno della simulazione. Si specifica inoltre che la simulazione contiene calcoli effettuati con dati e algoritmi di pubblico dominio e deve quindi essere considerata come un mero ausilio al calcolo svolgibile manualmente o con strumenti equivalenti.